Pneumonia - Wikipedia. Pneumonia. Synonyms. Pneumonitis, bronchopneumonia[1]A chest X- ray showing a very prominent wedge- shape area of airspace consolidation in the right lung characteristic of acute bacterial lobar pneumonia. Pronunciation. Specialty. Pulmonology, infectious disease. Symptoms. Cough, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, fever[2]Duration. Few weeks[3]Causes. Bacteria, virus, aspiration[4][5]Risk factors. Cystic fibrosis, COPD, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, history of smoking[6]Diagnostic method. Based on symptoms, chest X- ray[7]Similar conditions. COPD, asthma, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism[8]Prevention. Vaccines, handwashing, not smoking[9]Medication. How is bacterial pneumonia different from viral? What's the best way to treat pneumonia and prevent it from reoccurring? Viral Pneumonia in Adults 319 waning cellular, humoral, and innate immune func-tioning may impair viral clearance13, which allows spread of the virus to the lower. Pneumonia is a common illness that can be deadly. Learn about pneumonia and ways to cope with, and even prevent, this lung infection. Antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy[1. Frequency. 45. 0 million (7%) per year[1. Deaths. 4 million per year[1. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.[4][1. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.[2] Severity is variable.[2]Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases.[4][5] Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, or a weak immune system.[6] Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination.[7]Chest X- ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis.[7] The disease may be classified by where it was acquired with community, hospital, or health care associated pneumonia.[1. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available.[9] Other methods of prevention include handwashing and not smoking.[9] Treatment depends on the underlying cause.[1. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics.[1. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized.[1. ยท The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that pediatric pneumonia kills 3 million children worldwide each year. These deaths occur almost.Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.[1. Pneumonia affects approximately 4. Pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 1. With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 2. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death.[1. Pneumonia often shortens suffering among those already close to death and has thus been called "the old man's friend".[1. A video explanation of pneumonia. Signs and symptoms. Symptoms frequency[1. Symptom. Frequency. Cough. 79โ9. 1%Fatigue. Fever. 71โ7. 5%Shortness of breath. Sputum. 60โ6. 5%Chest pain. Main symptoms of infectious pneumonia. People with infectious pneumonia often have a productive cough, fever accompanied by shaking chills, shortness of breath, sharp or stabbing chest pain during deep breaths, and an increased rate of breathing.[8] In the elderly, confusion may be the most prominent sign.[8]The typical signs and symptoms in children under five are fever, cough, and fast or difficult breathing.[2. Fever is not very specific, as it occurs in many other common illnesses, may be absent in those with severe disease, malnutrition or in the elderly. In addition, a cough is frequently absent in children less than 2 months old.[2. More severe signs and symptoms in children may include blue- tinged skin, unwillingness to drink, convulsions, ongoing vomiting, extremes of temperature, or a decreased level of consciousness.[2. Bacterial and viral cases of pneumonia usually present with similar symptoms.[2. ![]() Some causes are associated with classic, but non- specific, clinical characteristics. Pneumonia caused by Legionella may occur with abdominal pain, diarrhea, or confusion,[2. Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with rusty colored sputum,[2. Klebsiella may have bloody sputum often described as "currant jelly".[1. Bloody sputum (known as hemoptysis) may also occur with tuberculosis, Gram- negative pneumonia, and lung abscesses as well as more commonly with acute bronchitis.[2. Mycoplasma pneumonia may occur in association with swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, joint pain, or a middle ear infection.[2. Viral pneumonia presents more commonly with wheezing than does bacterial pneumonia.[2. Pneumonia was historically divided into "typical" and "atypical" based on the belief that the presentation predicted the underlying cause.[2. However, evidence has not supported this distinction, thus it is no longer emphasized.[2. Cause. Pneumonia is due to infections caused primarily by bacteria or viruses and less commonly by fungi and parasites. Although there are more than 1. Mixed infections with both viruses and bacteria may occur in up to 4. A causative agent may not be isolated in approximately half of cases despite careful testing.[1.
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